2026-04-03T20:58:41Z https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/oai

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/19 2023-04-27T01:59:35Z jpls:ART

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/20 2023-04-27T01:59:35Z jpls:ART

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/21 2023-04-27T01:59:35Z jpls:ART

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/22 2023-04-27T01:59:35Z jpls:ART

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/23 2023-04-27T01:59:35Z jpls:ART

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/31 2025-04-15T06:17:42Z jpls:ART

The Future of Relations between Indonesia and the Middle East Region in Terms of Geopolitics as Indonesia's 2020-2024 Strategic Plan TUTUKANSA, Aldho Faruqi Indonesia, Middle East, Geopolitics, Foreign Politics, Cooperation, Plans Strategic. No Purpose - This research examines the future relations between Indonesia and the middle east region regarding geopolitics as Indonesia's 2020-2024 strategic plan.Methodology - This study is qualitative. This research is a live case study that is used on a legal issue that has not ended or is currently happening, as well as conducting an extensive review of existing literature, scholarly articles, books, reports, and policy documents related to Indonesia's strategic plan, geopolitics, and the Middle East region. Analyze and synthesize the information to identify trends, perspectives, and potential future scenarios.Findings - The Middle East Region has various problems that occur in various aspects. However, the problems that occur are still said to be unable to be resolved by both parties alone but require one of the parties to participate in paving the way for peace between the Arab countries. Indonesia is considered capable of being a mediator because of the principles they carry out, namely a Free and Active Foreign Policy, close and harmonious relations between Indonesia and the Middle East Region in all aspects, and a continuous feeling of sympathy for one another.Implication - Foreign relations in the Middle East Region are included in the Strategic Plan by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia as the primary goal in enhancing world peace based on the fourth paragraph of the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesia's geopolitical concept indeed has led and can be carried out specifically concerning the interaction of relations with countries in the Middle East Region. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/31 10.38142/jpls.v1i1.31 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March 2023); 01 - 04 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/31/486 No Copyright (c) 2023 Aldho Faruqi TUTUKANSA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/32 2025-04-15T06:17:42Z jpls:ART

Construction Of Death Penalty Legal Arrangements in Indonesia RIYADI, Padlah Death penalty, The latest Criminal Code Criminal sanctions Purpose - This study aims to investigate and understand the construction of death penalty legal arrangements in Indonesia.Methodology - This study uses document analysis to examine various documents, such as texts, records, official reports, personal diaries, or historical documents, that provide valuable insights for this study. Findings - The issuance of capital punishment as the primary punishment became an alternative (exceptional) special punishment that is based on three main ideas. From the point of view of the objective of the death penalty punishment, in essence, it is not the main or main means to regulate, discipline and improve individuals or society. The death penalty is only a means of exception. So, the death penalty is likened to amputation or surgery in the medical field, which is not the main medicine but the last medicine. Second, the concept of capital punishment as a special punishment departs from the idea of mono-dualistic balance. This idea is oriented towards balancing public interest or protecting society and paying attention to individual interests or protection, with a probationary period of 10 years. Third, the maintenance of capital punishment, even though it is a special punishment, is also based on avoiding societal demands or reactions that are revengeful or extra-legal. Implication - This study has implications for policy, public awareness, comparative analysis, human rights advocacy, and future research directions. Its findings can contribute to informed decision-making, public discourse, and efforts to promote a more just and humane legal system. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/32 10.38142/jpls.v1i1.32 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March 2023); 05 -14 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/32/487 Copyright (c) 2023 Padlah RIYADI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/33 2025-04-15T07:07:12Z jpls:ART

Legal Science Perspective in Modern Science Concepts RIYADI, Padlah Law, Legals Sciences, Lex No Purpose - This research examines the problem of legal science, which is the center of debate among legal scholars with the problem of the perspective of Law in the concept of modern science.Methodology - This study uses empirical legal research methodology. Empirical legal research is a legal research method that uses empirical facts taken from human behavior, both verbal behaviors obtained from interviews and actual behavior carried out through direct observation. This research was conducted by examining the actual situation in society, namely looking for facts related to the problems in research.Findings - The development of the science of Law is progressing very fast along with the development of science and technology, so every law graduate must be able to adjust his knowledge to keep up with these developments. However, this has changed by leaving the original characteristics of the knowledge he studied. The science of Law is independent and should be able to work independently following pure legal concepts and produce laws following the development of more modern society.Implication - The science of Law must return to its central concept as pure legal science. The approaches used in understanding the science of Law as a modern science are by returning the science of Law to its existence as a body of knowledge that will be studied and studied accordingly. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/33 10.38142/jpls.v1i2.33 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2023); 39 - 44 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/33/492 Copyright (c) 2023 Padlah RIYADI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/47 2025-04-15T06:17:42Z jpls:ART

Legal Protection of The Patient in The Event of Occurrence The Misdiagnosis Is Connected With Law Number 8 Of 1999 Consumer Protection And Law Number 29 Of 2004 Concerning The Practice Of Medicine (Case Study Of High Court Decision DKI Jakarta Number: 624/Pdt/2019/ PT. DKI) FEBRIYANTI, Ninthiya Dwi Law Legal Science Lex No Purpose:A patient is someone who needs health services or medical services in a hospital. In medical services, it does not rule out the possibility of an error or negligence. Mistakes or negligence made by health workers in carrying out their duties and profession can have fatal consequences, both on the body and soul of the patient, in this case, of course, it is very detrimental to the patient. Therefore, legal protection is needed for patients and accountability of health workers for losses suffered by patients.Methodology:The data collection techniques in the form of document studies. The data obtained is then processed and compiled systematically, then analyzed qualitatively.Findings:The author has the purpose of this study, first to know and examine the legal protection of patients in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice, and the second author examines the legal responsibility of doctors in the event of a misdiagnosis in case number 624 / PDT / 2019 / PT. DKI.Implication:Protection of patients in the event of misdiagnosis is regulated in several laws and regulations, namely in Article 1365 of the Civil Code, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 29 of 2004. The form of legal responsibility of doctors in the event of a misdiagnosis can be divided into ethical responsibility and legal responsibility. Legal responsibility can also be divided into administrative responsibility, criminal responsibility and civil responsibility. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/47 10.38142/jpls.v1i1.47 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March 2023); 35 - 38 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/47/491 no Copyright (c) 2024 Ninthiya Dwi FEBRIYANTI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/55 2025-04-15T07:07:12Z jpls:ART

The Legitimacy of Authentic Deeds Read by a Notary via Teleconference DHARSANA, I Made Pria SUJANA, I Nyoman MADE FERRARI , John Teleconfrence Notary Legality NO Purpose:A notary is a public official who must provide services to the community; it is desired to be included in responding to the progress of the times, especially those related to the use of technology through teleconferences. Teleconference is a human association or association that is carried out at a far radius using electronic means.Methodology:The type of research used is normative legal research. The object under study is legal norms, namely related to norms contained in article 16 paragraph (1) letter (m) UUJN-P confirms that a notary must be physically present and sign the deed in the presence of appearers and witnesses. In fact, with technological advances that are very supportive, appearers and witnesses may not be physically present, for example, by holding a teleconference.Findings:The results of this study are that the formality of an authentic deed read by a Notary via teleconference media via video is valid and must have completed parameters related to evidence so that the norm of proof is explained, namely that a proof given at trial is valid as evidence, fulfilling all formal and material aspects.Implication:Regarding the deed that is permitted to use video conferencing media in the form of a general meeting of shareholders (GMS), where the parties are not required to be present at the preparation of the deed, it is enough to be replaced by someone to come to the notary. The signing of the deed in this era of digitalization has yet to have full proof. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/55 10.38142/jpls.v1i2.55 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2023); 45- 53 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/55/493 no Copyright (c) 2023 I Made Pria DHARSANA, I Nyoman SUJANA, John MADE FERRARI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/57 2025-04-15T06:17:42Z jpls:ART

Reflection & Projection Women's "Special Treatment" in the 2024 Election Regulations: Study of PKPU 10/2023 BUDHIATI, Ida PRABOWO, Rian Adhivira Affirmative action regulation of women's political representation election 2024 NO Purpose - During the 2024 election, the KPU issued PKPU 10/2023, which regulates candidacy. PKPU 10/2023 contains changes to a new method for calculating decimals for calculating women's quotas in electoral districts. The question arises: Does PKPU 10/2023 contain the spirit of special treatment in the interests of women? For this purpose, this study was carried out by departing from three aspects: (i) The historicity of the dynamics of "special treatment" in the 1945 Constitution.Methodology – Also considered in this section are the circumstances and conditions that served as the background for including special treatment provisions in the constitution, along with the dynamics surrounding them. (ii) Precedents in Constitutional Court Decisions which provide rules for the meaning of special treatment. (iii) The role of the KPU as a regulator in formulating its regulations, namely the attribution of authority possessed by the KPU to translate the spirit of the constitution towards special treatment. Finally, (iv) the substance of the PKPU 10/2023 norm itself is reviewed for conformity with the norms.Findings - In succession, the following were found: First, from a historical perspective, the special treatment of women's political quotas shows a tendency for constitutional interpretations to open space for women's political involvement. Second, the KPU as the regulator has a strategic role in interpreting the constitutional spirit, including special treatment for women. Third, regarding substance, the content of norms contained in PKPU 10/2023 is different from Law 7/2017 and the 1945 Constitution.Implication - From these three aspects, this study concludes that PKPU 10/2023 shows a discrepancy in the spirit of special treatment in capturing the interests of women's political representation. There should be changes to PKPU 10/2023 norms while maintaining the special treatment provisions for women as contained in PKPU 20/2018. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/57 10.38142/jpls.v1i1.57 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March 2023); 15 - 26 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/57/489 no Copyright (c) 2023 Ida BUDHIATI, Rian Adhivira PRABOWO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/58 2025-04-15T07:07:12Z jpls:ART

PPAT Responsibilities That Do Not Issue the Deed of Grant of Guarantee Rights and Position of Creditors in Bankruptcy MAHAWIRA, Made Dananjaya ARJAYA, I Made DHARSANA, I Made Pria Creditor Responsibilities Mortgage Rights PPAT no Purpose: The action taken is that lending and borrowing are not accompanied by the existence of an item that the debtor guarantees. However, in reality, in banking, there is a provision of a facility from the bank for its customers who do not lend to the debtor without including a guarantee.Methodology: The research method conducted by the author is normative research. The formulation of the problems that will be discussed includes 1. What is the responsibility of the PPAT towards the cover note stating that the Mortgage will be installed? 2. What is the creditor's position in bankruptcy because the mortgage right is not installed by the PPAT? The responsibility of a PPAT for a cover note that has stated the installation of mortgage rights is a criminal responsibility in which the right leads to individual responsibility.Findings: There is an imposition of sanctions either dishonorably dismissed or imposition of an institution for an action carried out by the PPAT and the existence of civil responsibility that provides direction in compensating creditors with the loss of the certificate of ownership.Implication: Judging from the position of a creditor in bankruptcy because the mortgage right is not installed by the PPAT, it is a creditor's position in the event of bankruptcy if it is based on the position of creditors with an equal or equal position. The granting of equal rights from the results of a bankrupt boedel execution has been adjusted to the amount of each bill. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/58 10.38142/jpls.v1i2.58 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2023); 54 - 61 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/58/494 no Copyright (c) 2023 Made Dananjaya MAHAWIRA, I Made ARJAYA, I Made Pria DHARSANA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/63 2025-04-15T06:17:42Z jpls:ART

Inheritance Rights of Children of Extramarital in the Perspective of Balinese Customary Law After Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 MAHARANI, Trisna Sandya SUJANA, I Nyoman PUSPADMA, I Nyoman Alit Children of Extramarital Inheritance Balinese Customary Law NO Purpose:This Article analyzes the inheritance rights of children of extramarital in the perspective of Balinese Customary Law after Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010. This study is focused on the children born with extramarital inheritance as regulated under the customary law in Bali after the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision regarding children of extramarital.Methodology:This research is conducted with normative legal methods by applying the statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The theory of justice and legal certainty is applied as the tools for analyzing legal issues as the focus of the study.Findings:After the analysis, it can be understood that the inheritance rights of children born extramarital under customary law in Bali are still marginalized because for them to obtain the position of being an heir, the Balinese customary law and community still consider legal marriage as determining point whether a person can become an heir or not.Implication: Even though the Supreme Court Decision determines that the biological father has a civil relationship with a child born extramarital, providing that it can be proven by science or technology and or for other evidence under the applicable laws and regulations or other supporting evidence legally, but if the ratification is not carried out for husband and wife relationship through a religious ceremony as referred to in Article 2 Paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law, then a child born of extramarital still has no relationship in terms of inheritance to his father's kinship lineage or patrilineal kinship lineage. Children born of extramarital have an inheritance relationship with their mother or their mother's family. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/63 10.38142/jpls.v1i1.63 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March 2023); 27 - 34 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/63/490 no Copyright (c) 2023 Trisna Sandya MAHARANI, I Nyoman SUJANA, I Nyoman Alit PUSPADMA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/64 2025-04-15T07:07:12Z jpls:ART

Notary Authority in Certifying Electronic Transaction Documents PRABHAWISNU, Anak Agung Gede Krisna SUJANA, I Nyoman WESNA, Putu Ayu Sriasih Notary Notary Authority Electronic Transaction Certification no Purpose:Electronic transaction certification is another form of authority a notary possesses, and more study still needs to be done on this matter. Hence, this research attempts to examine this matter in more depth. The rapid development of technology has given birth to convenience for human life, including in law, especially notaries. The existence of a cyber notary formulated in Article 15 paragraph (3) of the Notary Office Law gives a notary the authority to certify transactions electronically.Methodology:The method chosen for this research is normative legal research by analyzing and interpreting legal and social facts.Findings:This authority still needs clear guidelines, so it is necessary to have a formulation regarding its regulation.Implication:Based on the theory of authority, a notary has the right to certify transactions electronically which is included in attributive authority and is a derivative of the law. It is appropriate that the authority to certify electronic transactions is further regulated so that later it will facilitate the work of notaries and follow utilitarian theory, where good law can provide the broadest possible benefits for society. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/64 10.38142/jpls.v1i2.64 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2023); 62 - 67 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/64/495 no Copyright (c) 2023 Anak Agung Gede Krisna PRABHAWISNU, I Nyoman SUJANA, Putu Ayu Sriasih WESNA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/65 2025-04-15T07:07:12Z jpls:ART

Arrangements for Notary Leave in Urgent Circumstances According to the Notary Office Act UTAMI, I Dewa Ayu Listari DHARSANA, I Made Pria SUKANDIA, I Nyoman Urgent Leave Legal Consequences Notary no Purpose:What is the mechanism for arranging the Notary's leave by the Notary's family in an urgent situation? 2. What are the legal consequences of a Notary's leave in an urgent situation on the performance of the position of a Notary based on the Notary Office Law?Methodology:The method chosen for this research is Notary Concept, Substitute Notary Concept, Supervisory Board Concept, Urgent Concept, and Legal Consequences Concept.Findings:The results of the study show that Article 28 of the Law on the Position of a Notary Public shows a blurring of the norms of urgent criteria and only provides a limited and brief explanation, that is, a husband/wife or a straight line from a Notary can submit a request for leave to the Supervisory Board as stated in Article 27 paragraph ( 2), and an urgent situation there are many thoughts of multiple interpretations giving rise to a lack of legal certainty, there is a need for more detailed guidelines or rules regarding Notary leave in urgent circumstances so that it can be carried out following the policy of the Notary Supervisory Board.Implication:The government needs to pay attention to the causes and effects that occur in the regulations that apply at this time so that requests for leave can be implemented in urgent situations so that legal institutions can carry out their duties according to existing law. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/65 10.38142/jpls.v1i2.65 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2023); 68 - 72 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/65/496 no Copyright (c) 2023 I Dewa Ayu Listari UTAMI, I Made Pria DHARSANA, I Nyoman SUKANDIA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/81 2025-04-15T07:07:25Z jpls:ART

The Role of Judges in Realizing the Three Basic Legal Values Reviewed from Gustav Radbruch's View KRISTHY, Mutia Evi HAMDANI, Helmi SIAMIKO, Miko SANJAYA, Oki Judicial power Law enforcement Legal objectives Basic legal values No Purpose - Judicial power is necessary in a legal state. Judicial power functions to enforce the law by force. Forced law enforcement aims to achieve legal objectives. According to Gustav Radbruch, the law aims to fulfill a sense of justice, certainty, and benefit in living together.AMethodology - The fundamental values of law which, according to Gustav Radbruch, include justice (philosophical), legal certainty (juridical), and benefits for society (sociological)Findings - Gustav Radbruch's view of the three primary legal values is very important for judges in deciding cases. In realizing these values, judges should remain neutral, independent, and free and not be interfered with by political or government interests.Implication - Officials implementing judicial power should uphold the philosophical, juridical, theological, and moral meaning of irah-irah "for the sake of justice based on belief in the Almighty God" in every decision they pronounce. Conflicts in upholding justice, expediency, and legal certainty should not make every law and decision useless for a society that believes in justice. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/81 10.38142/jpls.v1i3.81 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September 2023); 88 - 92 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/81/498 no Copyright (c) 2023 Mutia Evi KRISTHY, Helmi HAMDANI, Miko SIAMIKO, Oki SANJAYA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/82 2025-04-15T07:07:25Z jpls:ART

Recognition of the Existence of Traditional Legal Communities from the Perspective of Legal Philosophy ADIYANTO, Bama KRISTHY, Mutia Evi MURTI, Jentung Wisnu SALAHIDIN, Salahidin Customary law communitive Granting rights Constitutive recognition Indigenous Peoples Law no Purpose - The existence of customary law communities occurs naturally, which has natural consequences for obtaining their rights. The granting of their rights as legal subjects must be based on genuine awareness that they have the right to obtain them, not motivated by compassion, which is preceded by requests or requests through violent movements. The state was obligated to maintain the living space of existing communities long before the Indonesian state was formed.Methodology - In this writing, the author uses normative juridical methods by studying customary law communities ontologically, epistemologically, and axiologically.Findings - Recognition of its existence should be followed by legal certainty. Constitutive recognition of the existence of customary law communities is necessary. The stipulation of the Law on Indigenous Peoples is a form of state action in interpreting justice, as stated by Ulpianus.Implication - The existence of customary law communities should be seen as a community whose existence is beyond doubt because it has been epistemologically tested concerning current reality. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/82 10.38142/jpls.v1i3.82 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September 2023); 73 - 78 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/82/497 no Copyright (c) 2023 Bama ADIYANTO, Mutia Evi KRISTHY, Jentung Wisnu MURTI, Salahidin SALAHIDIN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/86 2025-04-15T07:07:25Z jpls:ART

Afghanistan's Geopolitical and Geo-economic Significance in Regional Connectivity and Development YAR, Fayaz Gul Mazloum ZAHID, Shamsurahman MIAKHIL, Jan Mohammad Geopolitics, Geo-Economics Geographical Location Afghanistan South Asia Central Asia NO Purpose - The emergence of industrial hubs focused on oil and gas energy has fortified economic structures by integrating production, transit, and energy consumption, a phenomenon known as "geo-economics. The Near East, a strategic region rich in hydrocarbon reservoirs, has garnered significant attention as it seeks to influence critical areas, bases, and operational centers to achieve political-military and economic-commercial objectives. Due to its unique geographical location and proximity to major powers like Russia and China, along with regional players such as Iran, Pakistan, and India, Afghanistan assumes a vital operational role.Methodology - This article discusses the consequences of economic, geopolitical, and geo-economic developments in Afghanistan and neighboring regions using analytical and descriptive methods and reliable scientific and research sources. This research method has used the data and results of numerous studies in this field and explained these developments' connections and mutual effects.Findings - Capitalizing on its exceptional geographical position, Afghanistan stands to capitalize on numerous economic opportunities in trade and transit. Despite efforts to leverage this potential, significant progress remains elusive.Implication - This article delves into the economic and political prospects and capabilities engendered by Afghanistan's geographic position, aiming to identify its critical attributes for developmental purposes. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/86 10.38142/jpls.v1i3.86 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September 2023); 79 - 87 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/86/499 no Copyright (c) 2023 Fayaz Gul Mazloum Yar YAR, Shamsurahman ZAHID, Jan Mohammad MIAKHIL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/127 2025-04-15T07:07:25Z jpls:ART

Children's Criminal System as Criminal Offenders Perspective of Law Number 11 Of 2012 Concerning Children's Criminal Justice System FAHLAVI, Ananda Alif Rizal ASMARANI, Emma Dwi SHELVIANA, Shelviana DEBIANTHO, Debiantho HAMDANI, Helmi ASIHAY, Yayang JOVI DODY KRISTHY, Mutia Evi Sentencing System Criminal Justice System Child Protection none Purpose: This study describes the principles system of legal protection against Children as criminal perpetrators in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System refers to the Convention on The Rights of The Child, and it has covered most of the principles of child protection perpetrator as well.Methodology:The research method used in this study is normative legal research because it includes the scope of legal dogmatic learning or researching legal rules.Findings: The study also found that the provision of punishment against the child has been following that stipulated in Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Children Protection, which states that imprisonment can be applied to the child when there is no last effort any longer and shall be executed separately from the adult prison.Implication:The child protection efforts shall be implemented by imposing restorative sentencing (restorative justice) and diversion if completing the requirement of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the juvenile criminal justice system. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/127 10.38142/jpls.v1i3.127 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September 2023); 106-114 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/127/500 None Copyright (c) 2023 Ananda Alif Rizal FAHLAVI, Emma Dwi ASMARANI, Shelviana SHELVIANA, Debiantho DEBIANTHO, Helmi HAMDANI, Yayang ASIHAY, JOVI, DODY, Mutia Evi KRISTHY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/128 2025-04-15T07:08:44Z jpls:ART

Prostitution in the Context of Human Trafficking PRAMONO, Bayu Aji RAMADHANI, Sri Ridma AIKO, Ovelia SALAHIDIN HELMI DEBIANTHO Prostitution Human Trafficking sociological legal Perspective None Purpose:The phenomenon of prostitution is currently ubiquitous among young people. Based on this reality, the phenomenon of prostitution needs to be studied theoretically from a sociological and legal perspective, which also affects the emergence of laws and regulations that regulate the issue of human trafficking and prostitution. The purpose of this study is (1) to examine theoretically from sociological and legal perspectives on human trafficking and (2) to determine the influence of laws and regulations on trafficking and prostitution.Methodology:This study is empirical by using primary data and secondary. Primary data is collected by observation and interviews directly with related sides. Sample specified in purposive sampling. Secondary data was obtained by passing the bibliography study and document with the descriptive analysis.Findings:This study is empirical by using primary data and secondary. Primary data is collected by observation and interviews directly with related sides. Sample specified in purposive sampling. Secondary data was obtained by passing the bibliography study and document with the descriptive analysis.Implication:The Law is no longer effective in controlling the social conditions of society. It can be seen from the many laws and regulations that regulate the problem of prostitution and trafficking but are unable to overcome the problems that occur. Economic conditions are the cause of this. Apart from that, something interesting about prostitution is that social control laws are no longer able to regulate it because, from an early age, women have been educated to work in places of prostitution or night entertainment. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/128 10.38142/jpls.v1i4.128 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 139-145 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/128/507 None Copyright (c) 2023 Bayu Aji PRAMONO, Sri Ridma RAMADHANI, Ovelia AIKO, SALAHIDIN, HELMI, DEBIANTHO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/137 2025-04-15T07:07:25Z jpls:ART

Various Forms of Regional Policy Supervision in the Era of Broad Autonomy PUTERA, Meldy SISKA DEWIATI, Yayu SITOHANG, Erikjon KRISTHY, Mutia Evi JOVI DODDY Supervision Autonomy Government no Purpose:  Following abolishing all controlling measures except repressive control, decentralisation triggered fundamental changes in local government administration. Tight control may obstruct regions' autonomy and hamper central-regional relations. Proportional control is indispensable for balancing local governments' freedom. All monitoring measures outside Act 32/2004 are unwarranted without improvement of legal instruments at the central government. Methodology: The method in the given text revolves around the historical analysis and constitutional references to explain the concept of autonomy in the Indonesian regional government system. It highlights the evolution of autonomy from the 1950 Provisional Constitution to the 1945 Constitution amendments, emphasizing the need for autonomy to prevent secessionist tendencies. Findings:  Supervision in autonomy serves as a crucial control tool, impacting regional freedom and either fostering autonomy or promoting centralization, contingent on the government system. Historical patterns reveal strict centralization in regional policies, limiting regional autonomy. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/137 10.38142/jpls.v1i3.137 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September 2023); 93-105 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/137/502 no Copyright (c) 2023 Meldy PUTERA, SISKA, Yayu DEWIATI, Erikjon SITOHANG, Mutia Evi KRISTHY, JOVI, DODDY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/139 2025-04-15T07:08:44Z jpls:ART

Implementation of the Legality Principle in the Criminal Justice System of Indonesia AMIR, Firman MEIFANI, Marina Tresna Ayu SATRIADI SETIYONO, Aries MIKO KRISTHY, Mutia Evi LAW Legality Principle Challenges in Applying Legality Principle no Purpose:The legality principle, a fundamental concept in Indonesian criminal law, underpins the legal framework for societal order. Originating from historical roots, it ensures justice, human rights protection, and transparent law enforcement. Article 1 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code solidifies its significance in Indonesian positive law. By examining the historical evolution, implications, and challenges of the legality principle, this article aims to deepen the comprehension of its impact on Indonesian criminal law. The ultimate goal is to contribute to a just and effective judicial system.Methodology:This study employs standard research methods, including a legal literature review and analysis of court decisions, to explore the application of the legality principle in the Indonesian criminal justice system.Findings:The principle enshrined in Article 1 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code emphasizes that punishment must align with pre-existing laws. It prohibits retroactive application and analogy use and ensures adherence to formal legal principles. In the Indonesian context, the legality principle is crucial for protecting citizens' rights, maintaining justice, and upholding societal values. Its application intersects with legal concepts like "nulla crimen sine lege," highlighting its significance in shaping the nation's legal landscape.Implication:The study highlights key findings on legal principles in the Indonesian criminal system, emphasizing the centrality of the legality principle, a formalistic approach, and ongoing efforts to integrate material aspects. Challenges include incorporating customary law and potential conflicts between legal systems. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/139 10.38142/jpls.v1i4.139 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 132-138 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/139/506 no Copyright (c) 2023 Firman AMIR, Marina Tresna Ayu MEIFANI, SATRIADI, Aries SETIYONO, MIKO, Mutia Evi KRISTHY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/140 2025-04-15T07:08:44Z jpls:ART

The Analysis of Frerechtslehre Flow (The Judge's Creativity in Finding Law) Eungen Ehrlich in Justice and Human Rights Protection RONU, Janang Mula Andri MARSIANSYAH PRATAMA, Ananda Takdir SUPARNA, Brilian Albar Dwi ASIHAY, Yayang DODY JOVI KRISTHY, Mutia Evi Human Rights Law Justice Judge none Purpose:Freirechtslehre is an approach that recognizes that law consists of written rules and is based on community practice and experience. In this analysis, first of all, Eungen Ehrlich's background and contribution to the development of the Freirechtslehre school are explained. Ehrlich emphasizes the importance of understanding law holistically by involving social, cultural, and economic factors in making legal decisions.Methodology:The research method that can be used in this analysis is descriptive. This method aims to describe and analyze the flows of Freirechtslehre developed by Eungen Ehrlich and its implications for judges' creativity in finding laws in the context of justice and human rights protection.Findings:This study concludes that the Freirechtslehre school significantly contributes to our understanding of judges' creativity in finding law and the importance of justice and the protection of human rights.Implication:In carrying out their duties, judges need to develop creativity in understanding and applying the law and consider the social context and values of justice to achieve justice and adequate protection of human rights Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/140 10.38142/jpls.v1i4.140 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 128-131 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/140/505 none Copyright (c) 2023 Janang Mula Andri RONU, MARSIANSYAH, Ananda Takdir PRATAMA, Brilian Albar Dwi SUPARNA, Yayang ASIHAY, DODY, JOVI, Mutia Evi KRISTHY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/141 2025-04-15T07:08:44Z jpls:ART

Financial Relations Between Central Government and Regional Government in Regional Autonomy JENERIO, Rio WATI, Wilna JAMILAH, Fitria Lailan TUAHNU, Bernandus KRISTHY, Mutia Evi Regional Autonomy Central Government Regional Government Decentralization None Purpose: Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government shows a division of authority between the Central Government, Provincial Government, and City Regency Government. Mapping or classification of central and local government affairs is regulated in Article 9 to Article 26.Methodology:The method used in research for writing this paper is to use the type of research "Normative," namely by using secondary data. Normative Law Research is research conducted on laws and regulations related to the legislation in this paper. In addition, by conducting a literature review of related literature.Findings: With regional autonomy, the government in the region in running the government requires costs to take care of its household for the region to get money; a source of regional income is needed.Implication:The Financial Relationship between the Central Government and Regional Government has been established by Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between Central and Regional Governments, which repealed Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies and Law Number 33 of 2004 concerning Financial Balance between the Central Government and Regional Governments. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/141 10.38142/jpls.v1i4.141 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 121-127 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/141/504 no Copyright (c) 2023 Rio JENERIO, Wilna WATI, Fitria Lailan JAMILAH, Bernandus TUAHNU, Mutia Evi KRISTHY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/142 2025-04-15T07:08:44Z jpls:ART

The Matter of Grandma Minah in the Perspective of Positivism YAPRIZAL, Andi THEOPILUS, Ebith KRISTHY, Mutia Evi Justice Law Enforcement Grandmother Minah None Purpose: In a law there are various parties who will enforce the laws in force in Indonesia. These parties carry out law enforcement so as not to create a violation of the law, bring order to society and regulate society in accordance with the norms and rules that apply in a country is not easy to apply in public life.Methodology:The resolution of a case of violation of the law is a legal process. Legal process is an action to resolve cases of violations of the law to achieve a settlement in accordance with applicable regulations in Indonesia.Findings: In legal cases that have occurred in Indonesia, the provision of criminal sanctions against Grandma Minah who is a cocoa thief has received a lot of attention from the public. The case of "Grandma Minah" is an example of law enforcement in Indonesia that is still considered by the public to have not realized sanctions in rulings in accordance with conscience and moral considerations.Implication:The reason that often arises is the injustice of sanctions against theft crimes that can actually still be resolved by familial means. But this is the reality that occurs on the ground between legal theory and practice that has different implementations. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/142 10.38142/jpls.v1i4.142 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 115-120 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v1i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/142/503 no Copyright (c) 2023 Andi YAPRIZAL, Ebith THEOPILUS, Mutia Evi KRISTHY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/143 2025-10-03T08:28:12Z jpls:ART

Legal Effectiveness and Legal Functions in Indonesia RAHAYU, Panggih Rangga ADIYANTO, Bama MURTI, Jentung Wisnu SETIYONO, Aries KRISTHY, Mutia Evi Law Legal Effectiveness Legal Function None Purpose: This study aims to describe the Effectiveness of Law and Legal Functions in Indonesia. Law serves as justice, certainty and expediency. In the practice of law administration in Indonesia, there are times when there is a conflict between legal certainty and justice. This research will examine the effectiveness of law and legal functions in Indonesia, based on the object of research to be studied, and then this research will be based on positive law.Methodology:This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with library research methods. Legal certainty is concrete and tangible, while justice is abstract. Therefore, in solving a legal problem, the values of justice must be prioritized.Findings: The results of this study show that the effectiveness of law enforcement in Indonesia is influenced by several factors, namely the legal factors themselves, law enforcement factors, factors of facilities or facilities that support law enforcement, and community factors.Implication:The influence of law and the concept of purpose: It can be said that the concept of influence means the attitude of action or behavior associated with the rule of law in reality, a positive effect or effectiveness that depends on the purpose or purpose of the rule of law. A legal purpose is only sometimes identically stated in a rule and is not necessarily the real reason for the rule-maker. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/143 10.38142/jpls.v2i1.143 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March); 157 - 161 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/143/676 None Copyright (c) 2024 Panggih Rangga RAHAYU, Bama ADIYANTO, Jentung Wisnu MURTI, Aries SETIYONO, Mutia Evi KRISTHY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/144 2025-10-03T08:28:12Z jpls:ART

Tax Legal Remedy Model in Principles of Forming a Sense of Justice Toward the Society KRISTHY, Mutia Evi YANDI, Ahmad SISY VALINA MURTI, Jentung Wisnu SETYONO, Aries SALAHIDIN ASIHAY, Yayang Model Tax Justice None Purpose: The source of state revenue comes from community participation. The tax state is one of the ways to collect taxes from its people because taxes are used as a means for the welfare of the people. (SPT), then deposit their tax obligations. The enormous trust of taxpayers in taxpayers is naturally balanced with supervisory instruments; for this purpose, the tax authorities are given the authority to carry out tax audits.Methodology:The type of research that will be used in this proposal is empirical legal research. This type of empirical legal research uses field data, such as the results of interviews and observations, as the primary data source. Empirical legal research is used to analyze the law, seen as patterned social behavior in people's lives that constantly interacts and relates to social aspects.Findings: If the inspection results show discrepancies or discrepancies, the paying tax authorities issue a Tax Assessment Letter (SKP), which functions as a Billing Letter. In practice, there are often differences in settlement between the tax authorities and taxpayers, which is one reason for tax disputes arising.Implication:Within the framework of a rule of law state, the taxpayer is entitled to legal protection to resolve the dispute in case of a tax dispute. The dispute resolution pathways provided include objections, appeals, and lawsuits. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/144 10.38142/jpls.v2i1.144 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March); 162 - 166 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/144/512 No Copyright (c) 2025 Mutia Evi KRISTHY, Ahmad YANDI, SISY, VALINA, Jentung Wisnu MURTI, Aries SETYONO, SALAHIDIN, Yayang ASIHAY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/172 2025-10-03T08:28:12Z jpls:ART

Challenges of Deradicalisation, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Boko Haram Insurgents in Northeast Nigeria SAMBO, Usman BUKAR, Hadiza Mali BURATAI, Hadiza Ali Boko Haram Insurgents Challenges Deradicalisation Northeast Nigeria Rehabilitation Reintegration None Purpose: For more than a decade, the Boko Haram insurgency has been an internal and external security threat to Nigeria. This study aims to identify challenges and provide policy input to ensure the success of deradicalization and reintegration programs as a pathway to peacebuilding in North Eastern Nigeria.Methodology:This research method adopts a qualitative data collection and analysis strategy, with special interviews using unstructured questionnaires with family members of victims, officials from the North East National Emergency Management Agency, security officers, academics, and officials from international donor organizations.Findings: The findings show that the main obstacles to deradicalization and rehabilitation of repentant Boko Haram members include negative perceptions of victims' families, desire for revenge, suspicion of the authenticity of repentance, accusations of espionage, corruption of public officials, and the inability to provide an environment that supports full reintegration.Implication:These findings impact the importance of practical steps to ensure that surrendering rebels can be productive. At the same time, victims and their families must be adequately compensated to prevent future tendencies toward retaliation and the resurgence of the insurgency. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/172 10.38142/jpls.v2i1.172 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March); 167 - 189 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/172/513 No Copyright (c) 2024 Usman SAMBO, Hadiza Mali BUKAR, Hadiza Ali BURATAI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/173 2025-10-03T08:28:37Z jpls:ART

Role of Climate Change in Afghanistan’s Geopolitical Power YAR, Fayaz Gul Mazloum ZAHID, Shamsurahman MIAKHIL, Jan Mohammad Climate Change Global Warming Human Development Geopolitics Greenhouse Gasses None Purpose: This study examines the role of climate change in Afghanistan’s geopolitical power. Global warming and climate change are the most significant environmental threats today. The effects of climate change include water and food scarcity, disease, unemployment, migration, poverty, resource conflicts, and global instability.Methodology:This study examines the role of climate change in Afghanistan's geopolitical power. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach and a survey method. The statistical research community includes experts and specialists in geopolitics, political science, climate science, and university professors. The questionnaire was distributed among them based on climate change, development, and geopolitics indicators. 80 questionnaires were collected.Findings: Based on these findings, a significant and inverse relationship exists between climate change's impacts and development. Furthermore, reducing the development process significantly and negatively impacts Afghanistan's geopolitical power. Finally, reducing development affects change. Climate plays a mediating role in geopolitics. Then, the priority of parameters influencing climate change in geopolitics was discussed using Friedman's comparison test.Implication:These parameters include 1) poverty, social anomalies, drought, and migration. In the suggestions section, effective methods, such as irrigation and the use of clean energy, must be implemented to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-07-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/173 10.38142/jpls.v2i3.173 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September); 248 - 259 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/173/675 No Copyright (c) 2024 Fayaz Gul Mazloum YAR, Shamsurahman ZAHID, Jan Mohammad MIAKHIL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/174 2025-10-03T08:28:12Z jpls:ART

Analysis of Women's Participation in the Political and Social Processes of Afghanistan YAR, Fayaz Gul Mazloum ZAHID, Shamsurahman MIAKHIL, Jan Mohammad Participation Social Women’s Political Challenges Afghanistan None Purpose: This study examines the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security in Afghanistan, focusing on the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan's action plan.Methodology:The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, and is a field study. The sample consisted of 100 well-known activists in women's participation studies and advocacy, chosen based on their professional experience and interactions over the past fifteen years. Data collection involved distributing 110 questionnaires with 35 closed-ended and three open-ended questions, resulting in 101 valid responses. The study utilized books, reports, surveys, and existing scientific studies to categorize and present the findings.Findings: The study revealed that since adopting the National Action Plan for Women, Peace, and Security to implement Resolution 1325, the Afghan government and national and international partners have undertaken various initiatives to enhance women's social and political participation.Implication:Numerous challenges and obstacles remain, necessitating severe attention from the government, legislative bodies, and their. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/174 10.38142/jpls.v2i1.174 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March); 190-197 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/174/678 No Copyright (c) 2025 Fayaz Gul Mazloum YAR, Shamsurahman ZAHID, Jan Mohammad MIAKHIL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/192 2025-10-03T07:18:10Z jpls:ART

Analysis of the Validity of Inter-Religious Marriages Held Abroad PERMANA, Gede Esa Surya SUJANA, I Nyoman AGUNG, Anak Agung Istri Interfaith Marriage Legal Certainty Foreign Marriage Registrar None Purpose: Marriage according to the Marriage Law is valid if it is carried out according to the laws of each religion and its beliefs. Therefore, interfaith marriages are prohibited in Indonesia. Many couples of different religions who want to get married choose to get married abroad so that the marriage is considered valid by the state and has legal certainty.Methodology:The research method used is normative legal research, which uses primary and secondary legal sources and is then analyzed qualitatively using the deductive method.Findings: Normative legal certainty is generally seen from the validity of regulations made and enacted with certainty because they regulate clearly and logically. Marriages that take place abroad must be reported to the population and civil registration office according to the place of residence of the couple who are getting married, especially as the results of my interview as a researcher, the couple who got married abroad reported their marriage to the population and civil registration office in Bali, especially to the population and civil registration office of Badung Regency.Implication:A marriage conducted abroad is valid if it is conducted according to the laws in force in the country where the marriage is conducted and does not violate the provisions of the legal system in Indonesia. The marriage is considered valid in the legal system in Indonesia if it has been reported and recorded at the Population and Civil Registration Service, where the husband and wife who conducted the marriage abroad reside. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/192 10.38142/jpls.v2i2.192 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June); 198-207 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/192/516 No Copyright (c) 2024 Gede Esa Surya PERMANA, I Nyoman SUJANA, Anak Agung Istri AGUNG https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/193 2025-10-03T07:18:10Z jpls:ART

The Substitute Notary's Responsibility for the Deed He Made PUTRA, Gede Bagus Andika DHARSANA, I Made Pria WESNA, Putu Ayu Sriasih Substitute Notary Responsibilities Authentic Deed None Purpose: A Substitute Notary is temporarily appointed as a Notary to replace a Notary who is on leave or sick. In Article 65 of the UUJNP, there is no explanation regarding the limits of the Substitute Notary's liability after his/her term ends. It is illogical because the limits of the Substitute Notary's authority end when the limits stated in his/her decision letter have expired, and he/she must still be responsible until his/her last breath.Methodology:The author uses a normative legal research method, legislative approach, legal concept analysis, case approach and comparative approach. The author's legal sources use primary and secondary law and tertiary legal materials. The legal collection technique uses document study techniques and recording.Findings: The responsibilities of a substitute notary can be divided into 4, namely: (1) Civil Liability of a Substitute Notary, (2) Criminal Liability of a Substitute Notary, and (3) Administrative Liability of a Substitute Notary. Legal protection for a substitute notary can be divided into 2: preventive legal protection and repressive protection.Implication:The responsibility of the Substitute Notary is only in the formal form of the authentic deed as stipulated in the law, so the Notary is not responsible for the contents of the deed. When carrying out their duties, a substitute notary will receive legal protection, including preventive legal protection to prevent disputes from occurring and repressive protection to resolve disputes that have already occurred. It is outlined in Article 66 of the UUJNP as a form of settlement effort if the notary is questioned. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/193 10.38142/jpls.v2i2.193 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June); 217-226 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/193/517 No Copyright (c) 2024 Gede Bagus Andika PUTRA, I Made Pria DHARSANA, Putu Ayu Sriasih WESNA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/194 2025-10-03T07:18:10Z jpls:ART

The Position of Children Born from Keris Marriages in Balinese Customary Law Inheritance FEBRIANA, Ni Kadek SUJANA, I Nyoman SETYAWATI, Ni Komang Arini Keris Marriage Position of Children Inheritance None Purpose: The existence of Keri's Marriage impacts the child who is born, where the child's position in terms of inheritance is questionable. It happens because first, the child who is born does not have a father who is responsible for his actions, so the mother of the child must carry out the keris marriage procession or second, the child gets recognition from his father and only during the marriage procession is his father symbolized by a keris because of his inability to attend the marriage procession or third, the child who is born carries out a peperasa or adoption ceremony.Methodology:In this study, the author uses an empirical legal research method using a statutory approach, a legal sociological approach and a case approach. Two types of data are used in empirical legal research: primary and secondary. Data collection for the preparation of this study was carried out in a village in Tabanan Regency. Findings: The research findings explain the results of research data processing, which do not include numbers but explain in detail the results carried out between research variables. They also explain the implications of research where research has a direct impact.Implication:In the case that occurred in Pandak Gede Village, the marriage procession was continued again after the arrival of the male party, so the child was administratively recognized by his biological father. In terms of inheritance, the child had the right to inherit because he received recognition from his biological father.   Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/194 10.38142/jpls.v2i2.194 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June); 208-216 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/194/519 No Copyright (c) 2024 Ni Kdek FEBRIANA, I Nyoman SUJANA, Ni Komang Arini SETYAWATI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/202 2025-10-03T07:18:10Z jpls:ART

Study of Misapplication on the Law by the Notary Regional Supervisory Council in Imposing Sanctions on Notaries Who Make Deeds IRIANTORO, Agung SHAFIRA, Chica Nur Misapplication on the Law Notary Regional Supervisory Council Legal Remedies Regional Supervisory Council Decision None Purpose:The result is that the MPWN decision must be appealed to someone other than the Central Supervisory Board. Because there is a rule in Article 28 paragraph (2) of PERMENKUMHAM number 15 of 2020, namely MPW has the authority to reject objections to decisions on oral warning sanctions and written warnings, in this case, the oral warning sanctions and written warnings are final and cannot be appealed.Methodology:This research is a descriptive analysis. Namely, the discussion is done by presenting and explaining data thoroughly, in detail and systematically. This type of research is normative legal research, a legal research method that examines library materials.Findings:The result is that the MPWN decision must be appealed to someone other than the Central Supervisory Board. Because there is a rule in Article 28 paragraph (2) of PERMENKUMHAM number 15 of 2020, namely MPW has the authority to reject objections to decisions on oral warning sanctions and written warnings, in this case, the oral warning sanctions and written warnings are final and cannot be appealed.Implication:However, with the law on judicial power and the law on administrative court, the party who objected can file a legal remedy in Administrative Justice. The MPWN decision can be subject to State Administration, and the proper application of the law is outlined in Article 17, paragraph (2) of the amendment law. As a supervisor, the MPWN must remain objective and thorough to prevent errors in the application of the law from recurring. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/202 10.38142/jpls.v2i2.202 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June); 227-234 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/202/520 No Copyright (c) 2024 Agung IRIANTORO, Chica Nur SHAFIRA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/211 2025-10-03T08:28:12Z jpls:ART

Iran's Hypersonic Missile Attack on Israel and Its Impact on Geopolitics and Oil Prices SULISTYAWATI, Laeny HANGGARINI, Peni Iran Israel Hypersonic Missiles Geopolitics Oil prices None Purpose:This paper explores Iran's missile attacks on Israel in April 2024 and October 2024 that have had an impact on the Middle East. On October 1, 2024, more than 180 ballistic missiles were fired into the skies of Israel. Iran officially admitted firing hypersonic missiles into Israel in retaliation for Israel's campaign against Iran's ally Hezbollah in Lebanon.Methodology:The research method used in this paper is qualitative descriptive-analytical. Qualitative method: Data is collected from literature studies in the form of books, articles, news, internet-based studies, digital books, previous research, journals and other relevant sources and previous research.Findings:The conflict between Iran and Israel has been going on for a long time, since the Islamic revolution in 1979. The conflict between the two countries has heated up again due to ballistic, cruise, and hypersonic missile attacks on Israel. Iran's attacks have angered Israel because they caused damage in 10 locations. Iran's latest sophisticated missile attacks, such as hypersonics, have damaged Israel and caused losses of Rp827 billion.Implication:International relations regarding geopolitics and complex interdependence. Practically, the results of this study provide insight for stakeholders of countries in the Middle East in formulating more comprehensive policies to respond to changing dynamics in the region. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/211 10.38142/jpls.v2i1.211 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March); 146 - 156 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/211/511 No Copyright (c) 2024 Laeny SULISTYAWATI, Peni HANGGARINI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/213 2025-10-03T07:18:10Z jpls:ART

The Role of International Law in Safeguarding Indonesia’s Sovereignty: A Case Study of the North Natuna Sea ZUBAIDI, Abdul Khakim Mahfud WIYANA, Rachmat Indra RAMADHANI, Syafitri Nur International Law Sovereignty Maritime Policy UNCLOS Indonesia Fishermen None Purpose:This study aims to explore and understand the role of international law in reinforcing Indonesia's sovereignty, particularly in resolving the North Natuna Sea territorial dispute, while considering the relevant principles of international law.Methodology:The methodology employed in this research is qualitative descriptive. It aims to provide an in-depth description of the role of international law in safeguarding Indonesia's sovereignty through the analysis of relevant secondary sources and available case studies.Findings:This study demonstrates the vital role of international law in protecting Indonesia's sovereignty, particularly in maritime disputes like those over the North Natuna Sea. It highlights the importance of frameworks like UNCLOS in supporting Indonesia's territorial claims and using international legal instruments for diplomacy and dispute resolution. The research also reveals Indonesia's challenges in enforcing these laws, particularly concerning illegal fishing, while emphasizing the need for stronger domestic enforcement aligned with international standards to safeguard maritime sovereignty.Implication:This research provides valuable insights for academicians, practitioners, and policymakers by deepening their understanding of international law's role in protecting national sovereignty and promoting effective maritime governance. It emphasizes the need for aligning domestic laws with international standards. Additionally, the study reminds fishermen and maritime professionals to exercise caution when crossing territorial waters, highlighting the risks of non-compliance and legal consequences. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/213 10.38142/jpls.v2i2.213 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June); 235-247 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/213/679 No Copyright (c) 2024 Abdul Khakim Mahfud ZUBAIDI, Rachmat Indra WIYANA, Syafitri Nur RAMADHANI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/217 2025-10-03T08:28:37Z jpls:ART

The Indonesian Government’s Plan to Join BRICS Under the Leadership of Prabowo Subianto ZUBAIDI, Abdul Khakim Mahfud Indonesia foreign policy independent and active BRICS Discourse analysis multipolarity None Purpose:The objective of this study is to examine Indonesia's steadfast commitment to an active and independent foreign policy in the context of its potential membership in BRICS. This research aims to assess how Indonesia balances its national interests while navigating complex global dynamics and pursuing strategic partnerships.Methodology:This study uses qualitative explanatory research with discourse analysis to explore narratives on Indonesia’s intention to join BRICS..Findings:Indonesia's intention to join BRICS reflects a strategic shift in its foreign policy, balancing economic opportunities and geopolitical challenges while testing its commitment to an independent and active stance. Indonesia’s potential membership in BRICS reflects its growing geopolitical influence and its desire to shape the future of global economic governance. This move is driven by the country’s ambition to diversify its international partnerships and enhance its bargaining power within major global institutions. By joining BRICS, Indonesia stands to gain greater access to emerging markets and increase its economic resilience on the world stage.Implication:Indonesia's potential membership in BRICS could serve as a gateway to unlock key economic opportunities, fostering enhanced trade, investment, and technological collaboration with emerging global powers. This strategic alignment may significantly bolster Indonesia's economic growth, providing access to new markets and reinforcing its role in the global economy. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-07-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/217 10.38142/jpls.v2i3.217 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September); 260 - 269 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/217/523 No Copyright (c) 2024 Abdul Khakim Mahfud ZUBAIDI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/221 2025-10-03T08:28:37Z jpls:ART

The Role of Ikhwanul Muslimin in Egypt’s Political Dynamics Post-Arab Spring: An Analysis through David Easton’s Political System Framework WIYANA, Rachmat Indra The Ikhwanul Muslimin’s Political Influence Egypt’s Revolution Democratic Transition Have Been Crucial in Shaping the Country’s Post-Revolutionary Landscape. None Purpose:This study analyzes the influence of Ikhwanul Muslimin on Egypt’s political dynamics after the Arab Spring, using David Easton’s political system framework. The Arab Spring, which began in late 2010, ignited widespread revolutions across Arab nations, including Egypt, with aspirations for more democratic governance. Ikhwanul Muslimin emerged victorious in Egypt’s 2012 elections, with Mohamed Morsi becoming president. However, the movement faced significant setbacks after the 2013 military coup led by General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, which resulted in widespread repression and arrests of its members.Methodology:This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach and case study method to explore the role and influence of Ikhwanul Muslimin in Egypt's political processes and the challenges they faced in this context.Findings:The study reveals that government policies towards Ikhwanul Muslimin have significantly impacted Egypt's political stability, human rights, and civil liberties. It sheds light on the broader challenges faced by Islamist movements in navigating modern political systems.Implication:The findings provide critical insights into the dynamics of Islamist movements within transitional political contexts, offering valuable perspectives on their role, limitations, and the broader implications for political stability and governance in the Middle East. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-07-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/221 10.38142/jpls.v2i3.221 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September); 270 - 277 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/221/680 No Copyright (c) 2024 Rachmat Indra WIYANA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/242 2025-10-03T08:28:56Z jpls:ART

United States Protectionism Through Import Tariffs for Canada and Reciprocity SULISTYAWATI, Rr Laeny Canada United States Protection Import Tariffs Reciprocity None Purpose:This paper explores the changing foreign policy of the United States (US) after Donald Trump took office as president for the second time, namely through the America First policy. The America First policy includes protectionist measures such as import tariffs on Canadian products of 25 percent on March 4, 2025.Methodology:The research method uses qualitative descriptive analysis. Data were collected through data collection techniques based on internet-based studies, digital books, previous research, journals and relevant sources.Findings:Canada is one of the largest exporting countries in the US with a total of 37.253 billion US during 2024. However, after President Trump was re-elected, economic relations between the US and Canada became heated. President Trump implemented an import tariff policy from Canada on the grounds of illegal immigration and fentanyl drugs. This policy is expected to protect jobs and increase income.Implication:However, government of Canada took retaliatory action by implementing 25 percent import tariff policy on imported goods from the US. Several businesses in Canada, particularly café industry, expressed support for the government’s policy. The Canadian government also increased the budget to increase security at the border. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/242 10.38142/jpls.v2i4.242 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 295 - 304 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/242/527 No Copyright (c) 2025 Rr Laeny SULISTYAWATI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/243 2025-10-03T08:28:37Z jpls:ART

Position of the Premises in the Authentic Deed Made by the Notary SUGIANA, Surya WESNA, Putu Ayu Sriasih AGUNG, Anak Agung Istri Premises Deeds Authentic Notary None Purpose:This research aims to analyze and examine the premises' position in an authentic deed made by a notary. It is motivated by the absence of explicit regulations regarding the premise in the Notary Position Law, even though the premise plays a vital role in explaining the background and intention of doing the deed. Legal uncertainty related to the premise can cause legal uncertainty in the practice of notary, especially in proving in court in the event of a dispute.Methodology:This research uses normative research methods with legislative approaches and conceptual approaches. The data used consisted of primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations and secondary legal materials in the form of literature and scientific journals. The data collection technique was carried out through a literature study and analyzed qualitatively using the legal interpretation method with deductive reasoning.Findings:The results of the study show that although the position of the premise is not expressly regulated in Article 38 of the Law on the Position of Substitute Notary regarding the anatomy of the deed, in practice, notary, the premise is still used and considered necessary. The premise is generally laid after the comparison and before the content of the deed, serving as an explanation of the background, facts, and reasons for the parties to do the deed. The premise also helps notaries explore the material truth so that the deed can provide maximum legal protection.Implication:This research implies a need for a regulatory update in the Notary Office Law to explicitly regulate the position of the premise in the anatomy of an authentic deed. This arrangement will provide legal certainty for notaries and interested parties and strengthen the function of authentic deeds as valid and perfect evidence before the law. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/243 10.38142/jpls.v2i3.243 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September); 288 - 294 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/243/526 No Copyright (c) 2025 Surya SUGIANA, Putu Ayu Sriasih WESNA, Anak Agung Istri AGUNG https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/244 2025-10-03T08:28:37Z jpls:ART

Settings for Copies of Deeds Issued by Notaries in Agreements Between Indonesian Citizens and Foreign Citizens ANJANI, Mey BUDIARTHA, I Nyoman Putu RENAYA, Nengah Validity Copy of Deed Notary None Purpose:Analyze the arrangements for copies of deeds issued by notaries in agreements between Indonesian citizens and foreign citizens, the validity of the copy of the deed and the legal consequences of copies of the deed in Indonesian and foreign languages which do not comply with the minutes of the deed.Methodology:The type of research used in this study is a type of normative legal research oriented to the absence of norms, conflicting norms and vagueness of norms. When associated with this study, this Normative research method leads to the vagueness of norms that regulate copies of deeds issued in Indonesian and foreign languages.Findings:Notaries are required to prepare minutes of the deed as a protocol and provide a copy of the deed to interested parties. In an Indonesian-foreigner agreement, a notary must ensure the legality of the copy in accordance with the law so that it still has evidentiary force. Minutes of the deed can be void by law (Nietig van Rechtswege) if they do not meet the formal requirements as an authentic deed or can be canceled (Vernietigbaar) if they do not meet the material requirements.Implication:Provide readers with an understanding of the regulation of copies of deeds issued by notaries in agreements between Indonesian citizens and foreign citizens and legal developments, especially for notaries, regarding the validity of copies of deeds and the legal consequences of copies of deeds in Indonesian and foreign languages that do not comply with the minutes of the deed. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/244 10.38142/jpls.v2i3.244 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September); 278 - 287 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/244/525 No Copyright (c) 2025 Mey ANJANI, I Nyoman Putu BUDIARTHA, Nengah RENAYA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/249 2025-10-03T08:28:56Z jpls:ART

Navigating Nigeria’s Media Landscape Through Information Law: The Journalists’ Perspectives CHUKWU, Obinna Johnkennedy Navigating Media Landscape Information Law Journalists, Perspectives None Purpose:This study navigates Nigeria’s media landscape through information law from the journalists’ perspectives. The researcher embarked on this study basically to examine the perceptions and experiences of journalists regarding the role of information law in shaping media practices in Nigeria and to explore the challenges faced by journalists in navigating Nigeria’s media landscape due to information laws. Based on the objectives of this study, two research questions were formulated to serve as a guide for this study.Methodology:This study is anchored on the libertarian theory, and data were collected through interviews. Findings from the study show that information law has a significant impact on the legislation and regulations on press freedom. The legal framework, including the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and laws governing defamation, libel, and slander, often shapes journalists' ability to access and disseminate information.Findings:Journalists operate within a legal environment that can either facilitate or hinder their work, with restrictive laws and regulations acting as potential barriers to free and independent journalism. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for legal reforms aimed at strengthening press freedom, safeguarding journalists’ rights, and enhancing public access to information.Implication:Such reforms are essential for fostering a vibrant media environment that serves as a watchdog, holding government and other institutions accountable to the people. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that policymakers and legislators should prioritize legal reforms aimed at enhancing press freedom, protecting journalists’ rights, and promoting transparency in Nigeria. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/249 10.38142/jpls.v2i4.249 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 323 - 333 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/249/593 No Copyright (c) 2025 Obinna Johnkennedy CHUKWU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/261 2025-10-03T08:28:56Z jpls:ART

The Role of Geopolitical Components in Afghanistan's National Power IHSAN, Ihsan Ullah YAR, Fayaz Gul Mazloum Geopolitical Components Afghanistan National Power National Unity None Purpose:This research investigates the intricate relationship between geopolitical factors and Afghanistan's national power, offering valuable insights into the nation's standing on the global stage. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of national unity, with 96% of respondents recognizing its significance. It reaffirms the historical resilience of the Afghan people in the face of external pressures and internal divisions.Methodology:Besides national unity, the study identifies several other influential geopolitical components, including leadership, Aryan culture, human resources, and geographical location. These components interweave with Afghanistan's historical, cultural, and geographic context, collectively shaping its national power. Notably, while historically significant, religion and natural resources were perceived as less influential, challenging conventional notions about their impact.Findings:The research also highlights the dynamic nature of Afghanistan's national power, with new geopolitical factors, such as "Aryan culture" and "quality of diplomacy," emerging as influential elements in the evolving geopolitical landscape.Implication:This research illuminates the complex tapestry of geopolitical factors that underpin Afghanistan's national power. National unity and an array of historical, cultural, and geographical factors form the foundation of the nation's strength. Understanding these dynamics is essential for comprehending Afghanistan's role in the global arena and shaping policies that enhance its stability and influence. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/261 10.38142/jpls.v2i4.261 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 315 - 322 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/261/592 No Copyright (c) 2025 Ihsan Ullah IHSAN, Fayaz Gul Mazloum YAR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/263 2025-10-03T08:28:56Z jpls:ART

Geographic Development, Macroeconomic Stability, and Civil Rights Defense ALIYEV, Zakir H ALLAHVERDIYEV, Dagbeyi BEKIROVA, Vusale Geoeconomic Perspective Economic Realities Human Welfare, Sustainable Economic Progress Economic Diplomacy. None Purpose:In the article, opinions about the sustainable socioeconomic progress of Azerbaijan in the geopolitical relations with the world's countries, macroeconomic stability criteria, and political-economic perspective possibilities are explained.Methodology:Methodologically innovative policy has interpreted economic criteria in the concept of national security of Azerbaijan as the essence of socioeconomic well-being. Thus, several criteria have been defined to ensure sustainable socioeconomic progress: Fiscal and free currency regime, formation of monetary policy, Development of human capital, Quality criteria in economic problems, Macroeconomic efficiency, and Socioeconomic equality.Findings:The overall economic potential of Azerbaijan, national economic progress, and directions for increasing state support for its sustainability have been analyzed. Thus, the experience and modern situation of the world's countries in political-economic relations and socioeconomic progress, macroeconomic stability, protection of civil rights, and civil welfare of the state were investigated.Implication:The country's geopolitical progress, macroeconomic stability, and civil rights protection are stipulated as fundamental guarantees of socioeconomic progress. For this reason, the main criterion of socioeconomic security is macroeconomic stability, elimination of unemployment, and creation of new jobs. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/263 10.38142/jpls.v2i4.263 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 305 - 314 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/263/591 No Copyright (c) 2025 Zakir H ALIYEV, Dagbeyi ALLAHVERDIYEV, Vusale BEKIROVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/266 2025-10-03T08:28:56Z jpls:ART

Criminal Liability of Children in Online Gambling Promotion and the Restorative Approach BANI, Feny Nursya FAHREIN, Shenna Ismi BHAKTI, Tegar Yuda Children Criminal Liability Online Gambling Restorative Justice Rehabilitation None Purpose:The phenomenon of increasing involvement of children in online gambling promotion raises a complex legal dilemma, especially regarding the balance between protecting children's rights and providing criminal accountability. This study examines the effectiveness of the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia in handling online gambling promotion cases and assesses the urgency of implementing a restorative approach as a fairer and more recovery-oriented alternative.Methodology:The restorative approach emphasizes restoring relationships between perpetrators, victims, and the community, so as to avoid stigmatization and provide opportunities for children to improve their behavior.Findings:The results of this study confirm that the legal system must prioritize the principle of rehabilitation rather than punishment alone, in order to ensure the protection of children while preventing the recurrence of criminal acts.Implication:Thus, the application of restorative justice in cases of children involved in online gambling promotion is a strategic step to create a more humane and future-oriented justice system. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/266 10.38142/jpls.v2i4.266 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (October – December); 334 - 342 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v2i4 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/266/595 No Copyright (c) 2025 Feny Nursya BANI, Shenna Ismi FAHREIN, Tegar Yuda BHAKTI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/267 2025-05-16T03:53:42Z jpls:ART

Impact Analysis of Environmental Law Policy on Cirebon Coastal Communities in Climate Change Adaptation MAHARDEKA, Adelia Putri WULANDARI, Siwi MAGFIRRO, Rosiana Ecological Justice Policy Effectiveness Coastal Community Resilience None Purpose:Cirebon's coastal communities face intensifying climate change impacts, such as sea level rise, coastal abrasion, and natural disasters, which threaten their socio-economic resilience. However, the implementation of this policy still faces various challenges, including overlapping regulations, weak law enforcement, and lack of community participation in the policy formulation process.Methodology:This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental law policies in supporting the social adaptation of Cirebon's coastal communities. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with affected communities, government officials, and policy experts, as well as analysis of related legal documents.Findings:The results showed a gap between policies and factual conditions in the field, especially in inter-agency coordination, resource allocation, and community access to environmental justice.Implication:This study emphasizes the need for environmental law policy reform that is more adaptive, ecologically just, and oriented towards empowering coastal communities in the face of climate change. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2025-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/267 10.38142/jpls.v3i1.267 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March); 343 - 351 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v3i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/267/596 No Copyright (c) 2025 Adelia Putri MAHARDEKA, Siwi WULANDARI, Rosiana MAGFIRRO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/268 2025-05-16T03:53:42Z jpls:ART

Analysis of Salt Policy and Its Impact on Farmers: Balancing Regulation and Protection WINDA, Fara UTAMI, Dea Putri MAHARANI, Jesica Puspa Indonesia’s Salt Potential, Capital and Technology in Salt Production Government Policy None Purpose:Indonesia has great potential in salt production, especially in Cirebon Regency, West Java, thanks to its vast marine area. However, challenges such as low productivity, poor quality, and limited access to technology and capital hinder the development of the local salt industry. Most salt farmers still rely on traditional methods, which results in an imbalance between domestic market demand and production capacity. This research analyzes the regulation related to salt policy and its impact on the welfare of farmers in Waruduwur Village, Mundu Sub-district.Methodology:Using a case study-based qualitative approach, this research explores the role of government policy in overcoming capital and technological barriers, such as the application of geomembranes.Findings:The results are expected to offer recommendations to achieve a balance between effective regulation and protection of farmers in order to improve their welfare, reduce import dependency, and strengthen the competitiveness of local salt in the national marketImplication:This study shows that government policy support is essential to overcome capital and technology constraints faced by salt farmers, such as through the application of geomembranes. Appropriate regulations can improve productivity, quality, and farmer welfare while reducing significant dependencies. The findings also emphasize the need for collaboration between the central and regional governments to create policies that support the sustainable competitiveness of the local salt industry. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2025-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/268 10.38142/jpls.v3i1.268 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March); 352 - 358 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v3i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/268/597 No Copyright (c) 2025 Fara WINDA, Dea Putri UTAMI, Jesica Puspa MAHARANI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/275 2025-05-16T03:53:42Z jpls:ART

Forced Choices: Push-Pull Dynamics of Illegal Afghan Migration and Returnee Reintegration Experiences - A Mixed-Methods Analysis AMIR, Ebad Ullah YAR, Fayaz Gul Mazloum Afghan Migration Push and Pull Factors Illegal Migration Returnees Mixed-Methods Migration Policy Reintegration None Purpose:Complex factors—poverty, unemployment, insecurity, and lack of jobs—drive illegal migration from Afghanistan, which remains a major socio-economic challenge. While existing studies have explored the causes of migration, gaps remain in understanding the nuanced interplay between push and pull factors and the post-return experiences of Afghan migrants.Methodology:This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, incorporating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with 150 returnees from Iran, Pakistan, and selected European countries. Data were analyzed using SPSS and NVivo software.Findings:The findings reveal that economic deprivation, insecurity, and political instability are dominant push factors, whereas job opportunities, safety, and better quality of life in destination countries are key pull factors. Furthermore, returnees report significant challenges in reintegration, including socio-economic marginalization and lack of institutional support, increasing their risk of re-migration.Implication:This study contributes to migration scholarship by offering a contextualized analysis of Afghan returnees and highlighting the need for responsive policy frameworks to address the root causes of migration and support sustainable reintegration. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2025-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/275 10.38142/jpls.v3i1.275 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (January – March); 359 - 369 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v3i1 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/275/620 No Copyright (c) 2025 Ebad Ullah AMIR, Fayaz Gul Mazloum YAR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/330 2025-10-03T08:29:29Z jpls:ART

Legal Implications of the Notary Honour Council's Approval on the Summoning of Notaries by Law Enforcers ARDANARI, Ni Made Novia Surya SENASTRI, Ni Made Jaya I Made Pria Dharsana legal implications Notary Honor Council decision deed minutes retrieval notary summoning law enforcement None Purpose:The approval of the Notary Honour Council (MKN) has legal implications in the summoning of notaries. However, several cases have raised legal debates regarding the authority of MKN, as well as the potential for conflicts of interest.  Therefore, it is necessary to investigate: how is the legal regulation of MKN approval when summoning a notary by law enforcement and what are the legal implications of MKN approval on the status of notaries in the process of investigation and investigation. The objectives of this research are general and specific.Methodology:This research is also classified as a type of normative legal research. This research uses a statutory approach, concept approach, and case approach. The data used in this research is secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and supported by interview data from sources.Findings:Based on the results of the research, it is known that: there are regulations that become the juridical basis for summoning notaries by law enforcers, namely Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position which was last amended in Law Number 2 of 2014 and Permenkumham Number 17 of 2021. Based on these regulations, the procedures and mechanisms in requesting/requesting MKN approval are: First, submission of a request by law enforcement officials to MKN regarding the collection of photocopies of the Minute of Deed and summoning Notaries. Second, examination and decision making by MKN.Implication:In addition, the results also show that approval or rejection from MKN has legal implications in the law enforcement process. If the Examining Council gives approval, then the notary is obliged to: provide a photocopy of the deed minutes and/or the required letter to law enforcement accompanied by the minutes of delivery and must fulfil the summons. However, if MKN refuses, then law enforcement cannot make efforts to take a photocopy of the Minute of Deed and cannot make efforts to summon the notary. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2025-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/330 10.38142/jpls.v3i2.330 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2025)-In Press; 370 - 386 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v3i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/330/660 No Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Made Novia Surya ARDANARI, Ni Made Jaya SENASTRI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/331 2025-10-03T08:29:29Z jpls:ART

Legal Protection of Shareholders in the Sale and Purchase of Limited Liability Companies Engaged in the Business of Coal Mining HELLANDA, Clara Vinky SENASTRI, Ni Made Jaya SETIASA, Made Legal protection shareholders sale and purchase of PT coal mining business None Purpose:In the practice of the mining industry, the acquisition of ownership of mining assets is often done through an acquisition mechanism of a business entity that already has a Mining Business Licence (IUP). One of the commonly used methods is through the sale and purchase of a Limited Liability Company (PT) holding a coal IUP. Therefore, it is important to examine how the role of notaries in buying and selling Limited Liability Companies in businesses engaged in Coal mining and how legal protection of shareholders in the sale and purchase of PT in the field of Coal mining. The objectives of the research are general research objectives and specific research objectives.Methodology:This research is a type of normative legal research. The approach used in this research is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materialsFindings: Based on the results of the research, it is known that notaries play an important role in the sale and purchase of PTs engaged in the coal mining business through the making of deeds. Authentic deeds made by notaries not only function as legally valid and strong written evidence, but also as instruments capable of minimising legal risks that may arise in the future. In addition, based on the results of the research, it is known that the legal protection of shareholders in the sale and purchase transaction of PT, especially those engaged in coal mining, consists of preventive and repressive protection.Implication This research has an impact on notaries to understand their role in buying and selling Limited Liability Companies in businesses engaged in Coal mining. In addition, it has an impact on shareholders to understand the legal protection that must be obtained in the sale and purchase transaction of PT in the field of Coal mining. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2025-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/331 10.38142/jpls.v3i2.331 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2025)-In Press; 387 - 400 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v3i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/331/661 No Copyright (c) 2025 Clara Vinky HELLANDA, Ni Made Jaya SENASTRI, Made SETIASA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/334 2025-10-03T08:29:29Z jpls:ART

Legal Protection of Building Tenants in the Execution of Land Rights ANGGARINI, Komang Desy SUWITRA, I Made WESNA, Putu Ayu Sriasih Legal Protection Building Tenants Mortgage Execution , Good Faith None Purpose:The purpose of this study is to find a legal protection model for tenants of buildings whose land is used as collateral by the landowner. Therefore, the relevant issues to be discussed are legal protection for tenants of buildings whose land is used as collateral by the landowner and the function of good faith in protecting tenants of buildings whose land is subject to foreclosure.Methodology:The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach, conceptual approach, and case study. The analysis of legal materials used is analysis with interpretation and content techniques.Findings:The results of the study indicate that the principle of horizontal separation provides a basis for separating building rights from land rights, thereby ensuring that tenants retain a strong legal position. In addition, the principle of good faith is a key consideration in protecting tenants' rights, as emphasised in SEMA No. 4 of 2014, which stipulates that tenants' rights shall be respected throughout the term of the leaseImplication:This study recommends strengthening regulations, transparency regarding the status of leased properties, and legal education for the public to create legal certainty and fairness in the practice of leasing buildings on land that is used as collateral for mortgage rights. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2025-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/334 10.38142/jpls.v3i2.334 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2025)-In Press; 401 - 417 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v3i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/334/662 No Copyright (c) 2025 Komang Desy ANGGARINI, I Made SUWITRA, Putu Ayu Sriasih WESNA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/339 2025-10-03T08:29:29Z jpls:ART

The Urgency of Notary Position in the Establishment of Startups in Indonesia KUSUMA, I Made Kristian Yuda SUJANA, I Nyoman SETIASA, Made Legal Protection Shareholders Sale Purchase of PT Coal Mining Business None Purpose:This study aims to determine and analyze the normative authority of notaries in assisting the establishment of startups according to the Notary Law and to determine and analyze the role of notaries in guaranteeing the legality of documents and preventing internal conflicts.Methodology:The method used is a normative juridical approach with a study of laws and notarial practices. This research is classified as normative legal research. According to Peter Mahmud Marzuki, normative legal research is a process to find a legal rule that causes conflict, as in this research, namely in Article 1 Paragraph (1) of the PT Law does not include the term startup or explain the special characteristics of digital startup companies.Findings: The research results show that notaries play a strategic role in the startup legalization process, from verifying the parties' identities and drafting the deed of incorporation to drafting the founder's agreement. The absence of notary intervention at this early stage has the potential to create legal loopholes and corporate disputes. Therefore, strengthening the role of notaries through affirmative policies within the OSS system and increasing notaries' legal capacity in the digital sector is necessary.Implication This research is expected to have an impact on increasing legal certainty in the field of startup establishment in Indonesia, including in relation to strengthening the position and role of notaries. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2025-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/339 10.38142/jpls.v3i2.339 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2025)-In Press; 418 - 442 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v3i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/339/663 No Copyright (c) 2025 I Made Kristian Yuda KUSUMA, I Nyoman SUJANA, Made SETIASA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/345 2025-10-03T08:29:29Z jpls:ART

Juridical Analysis of the Use of Deed Under Hand as the Basis for Making PKR Deed in the Form of Authentic Deed by Notary in the Conception of Legal Certainty SARI, Ni Made Arnita KOSASIH, Johannes Ibrahim AGUNG, Anak Agung Istri Authentic Deed Private Deed Notary Legal Certainty PKR None Purpose:This study aims to juridically examine the suitability of using deeds under the hand as a legal basis in notarial practice and analyze the form of notary liability in the context of legal certainty.Methodology:The method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data was collected through a literature study, interviews with five notaries, and analysis of three concrete cases, including case No. 616 K/PK/Pdt/2023.Findings: The results show that although the use of handwritten documents is still often encountered in practice, notaries are obliged to ensure the validity of the contents and identity of the parties before being stated in the authentic deed. Legal responsibility is attached to the notary both civilly, administratively, and criminally if there is an error or dispute due to the deed made. The unclear norms regarding the limits of the use of underhand documents show the need for legal clarity so that the deed made remains valid, strong, and does not cause legal loopholes.Implication Therefore, there is a need for legal reform to create clarity of norms regarding the limits of the use of underhand documents so that the deed made remains valid, strong, and does not cause legal gaps. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2025-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/345 10.38142/jpls.v3i2.345 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (April – June 2025)-In Press; 443 - 449 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v3i2 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/345/664 No Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Made Arnita SARI, Johannes Ibrahim KOSASIH, Anak Agung Istri AGUNG https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.acityajournal.com:article/350 2025-10-03T08:29:53Z jpls:ART

Legal Study on Applications to Leave Islam in Negeri Sembilan Malaysia: Case Study Noraini A/P Imara Musa SAPUTRA, Deris Arista Locus Standi Sharia Court Exit Islam Malaysian Islamic Law Enakmen Negeri Sembilan. None Purpose:The urgency of this research lies in the importance of understanding how the Sharia Court applies locus standi provisions in handling these requests, which directly have implications for access to justice. This research aims to analyze juridically the decision of the Negeri Sembilan Syariah Court in the case of Noraini A/P Imara Musa, which was rejected based on the provisions of the Enakmen for Islamic Religious Administration (Negeri Sembilan) 2003 and the 2009 amendment.Methodology:The method used is qualitative research with a juridical-normative and juridical-empirical approach, through document studies, content analysis, and legal interpretation.Findings:The research findings indicate that the Court acted within its authority and applicable legal provisions, rejecting the petition because the applicant failed to meet the locus standi requirements stipulated in domestic law. This finding underscores the importance of procedural consistency in maintaining the integrity of Sharia law and preventing the Court's jurisdiction from being undermined.Implication:This research contributes to a richer understanding of the boundaries of law and religious protection within the context of an Islamic state. The implications of this research provide opportunities for strengthening the Sharia legal system and harmonizing it across countries. Future research is recommended to explore similar issues comparatively across countries to broaden the perspective of contemporary Islamic law. Indonesia Strategic Sustainability 2025-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/350 10.38142/jpls.v3i3.350 Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty (July – September 2025); 387 - 390 2985-6523 2986-2523 10.38142/jpls.v3i3 eng https://acityajournal.com/index.php/jpls/article/view/350/666 No Copyright (c) 2025 Deris Arista SAPUTRA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0