Reflection & Projection Women's "Special Treatment" in the 2024 Election Regulations: Study of PKPU 10/2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38142/jpls.v1i1.57Keywords:
Affirmative action, regulation of women's , political representation, election 2024Abstract
Purpose - During the 2024 election, the KPU issued PKPU 10/2023, which regulates candidacy. PKPU 10/2023 contains changes to a new method for calculating decimals for calculating women's quotas in electoral districts. The question arises: Does PKPU 10/2023 contain the spirit of special treatment in the interests of women? For this purpose, this study was carried out by departing from three aspects: (i) The historicity of the dynamics of "special treatment" in the 1945 Constitution.
Methodology – Also considered in this section are the circumstances and conditions that served as the background for including special treatment provisions in the constitution, along with the dynamics surrounding them. (ii) Precedents in Constitutional Court Decisions which provide rules for the meaning of special treatment. (iii) The role of the KPU as a regulator in formulating its regulations, namely the attribution of authority possessed by the KPU to translate the spirit of the constitution towards special treatment. Finally, (iv) the substance of the PKPU 10/2023 norm itself is reviewed for conformity with the norms.
Findings - In succession, the following were found: First, from a historical perspective, the special treatment of women's political quotas shows a tendency for constitutional interpretations to open space for women's political involvement. Second, the KPU as the regulator has a strategic role in interpreting the constitutional spirit, including special treatment for women. Third, regarding substance, the content of norms contained in PKPU 10/2023 is different from Law 7/2017 and the 1945 Constitution.
Implication - From these three aspects, this study concludes that PKPU 10/2023 shows a discrepancy in the spirit of special treatment in capturing the interests of women's political representation. There should be changes to PKPU 10/2023 norms while maintaining the special treatment provisions for women as contained in PKPU 20/2018.
Downloads
References
Anggraeni, D. (2014). Tragedi Mei 1998 dan Lahirnya Komnas Perempuan, (Jakarta: Kompas).
Aspinall, E., White, S., Savirani, A. (2021). “Women’s Political Representation in Indonesia: Who Wins and How?”, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol. 40, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103421989720
Blackburn, S. (2007). Kongres Perempuan Pertama, Tinjauan Ulang, (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia & KITLV).
Budhiati, I. (2018). Memperjuangkan Suara Perempuan di Parlemen: Pengaturan Kuota Perempuan Pada Masa Pasca-Reformasi, (Yogyakarta: Thafa Media,).
Firdaus, F. R. (2022). “Public Participation after the Law-Making Procedure Law of 2022”, Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol. 16, No. 3. https://doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2022.V16.495-514
Karlina, L. S. (2002). Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan: Perjalanan “Pretty SOP” ke Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan”, terpetik dari Laporan Lokakarya Internasional Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan, Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia, Jakarta.
Kelsen, H. (1949). General Theory of Law and State. Cambridge (Mass) Harvard University Press. Kelsen1945Hans Kelsen, General Theory of Law and State.
Konstitusi, M. Republik Indonesia. (2010). Naskah Komprehensif Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Latar Belakang, Proses, dan Hasil Pembahasan 1999-2002 Buku VIII, Warga Negara dan Penduduk, Hak Asasi Manusia dan Agama, (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Masnur, M. (2009). “Affirmative Action dan Paradoks Demokrasi”, Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. II, No. 1, Juni.
Morsink, J. (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Origins, Drafting & Intent, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press). https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812200416
Perempuan, K. (2007). Laporan Pemantauan HAM Perempuan: Kejahatan Terhadap Kemanusiaan Berbasis Jender: Mendengarkan Suara Perempuan Korban Peristiwa 1965, (Jakarta: Komnas Perempuan).
Purwanti, A. (2014). “Perkembangan Politik hukum Pengaturan Partisipasi Perempuan di Bidang Politik, Pada Era Reformasi Periode 1998-2014”, Disertasi FH UI.
Sadli, S. (1999). “Hak Asasi Perempuan adalah Hak Asasi Manusia”, Makalah Kelompok Kerja Convention Watch Pusat Kajian Wanita dan Jender - Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 27 September.
Soekarno. (1963). Sarinah, Kewadjiban Wanita Dalam Perdjoangan Republik Indonesia, (Jakarta: Panitya Penerbit Buku-Buku Karangan Presiden Sukarno).
Vasandani, M. R., Nugraha, D. P., Susantijo, S. (2022, May). “Affirmative Action Study on The Political Rights of Women in The Indonesian Constitution," Constitutional Review, Vol. 8, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev813
Wieringa, S. E. (2014). “Sexual Politics as a Justification for Murder in the Act of Killing," Critical Asian Studies, 46:1. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2014.863595
Wiratraman, H. P. (2012). “Legisprudence dan Pendekatan Sosio-Legal dalam Pembentukan Hukum: Konteks Indonesia”, Makalah di Continuing Legal Education tentang Kontribusi Teori Legisprudence dalam Pembentukan Hukum Nasional, diselenggarakan oleh BPHN, Jakarta, 28 November.
Legal Documents:
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945
Ketetapan Majelis Pemusyawaratan Rakyat Nomor XVII/MPR/1998 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.
Selengkapnya: Undang-Undang Nomor 8- Tahun 1957 tentang Persetujuan Konpensi Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional No. 100 Mengenai Pengupahan Yang Sama Bagi Buruh Laki-Laki dan Wanita Untuk Pekerjaan Yang Sama Nilainya.
Undang-Undang Nomor 68 Tahun 1958 tentang Persetujuan Konvensi Hak-Hak Politik Kaum Wanita.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ida BUDHIATI, Rian Adhivira PRABOWO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
